Analyzing linguistic data: a practical introduction to statistics using R

Analyzing linguistic data: a practical introduction to statistics using R, 1st Edition

Introduction to circular data

In many diverse scientific fields, the measurements are directions. For instance, a biologist may be measuring the direction of flight of a bird or the orientation of an animal. A series of such observations is called ”directional data”. Since a direction has no magnitude, these can be conveniently represented as points on the circumference of a unit circle centered at the origin or as unit ...

Practical Introduction to Clustering Data

Data clustering is an approach to seek for structure in sets of complex data, i.e., sets of “objects”. The main objective is to identify groups of objects which are similar to each other, e.g., for classification. Here, an introduction to clustering is given and three basic approaches are introduced: the k-means algorithm, neighbour-based clustering, and an agglomerative clustering method. For ...

واحدهای دستوری : فصل پنجم از کتاب introduction to theoretical linguistic (john lyons)

رساله حاضر ترجمه فصل پنجم از کتاب "مقدمه ای بر زبانشناسی نظری" اثر لاینز است . در این فصل سه واحد مختلف توصیف دستوری یعنی جمله، واژک [تکواژ] و واژه بررسی شده است . طبق اظهار بلومفیلد "جمله یک صورت زبانی مستقل است ، نه اینکه بوسیله هر گونه ساختمان دستوری در هر صورت زبانی بزرگتر گنجانیده شده باشد" . نکته اصلی تعریف وی را می توان به اختصار بصورت زیر بیان کرد: جمله بزرگترین واحد توصیف دستوری است که...

Introduction to analyzing NanoString nCounter data using the NanoStringNorm package

NanoStringNorm is a suite of tools used to pre-process, run diagnostics, and visualize NanoString nCounter expression data. nCounter data has some unique features as compared to traditional intensity based arrays. Specifically, it uses direct digital detection requiring minimal sample intervention. The 'direct' refers to the process of counting individual tagged nucleic acids without any need f...